lipid profile in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Erbil Governorate

Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine-metabolic disease in children. Diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia frequently develop atherosclerosis which is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum lipids total serum cholesterol, total serum triglyceride [TGs], High density lipoprotein [HDL-C], Low density lipoprotein [LDL-C] and very low density lipoprotein [VLDL-C] in children with type-1 diabetes mellitus in comparison with controls, and to determine the relationship of lipid profile with gender, body mass index [BMI] and duration of diabetes among patients. In this case-control study, the lipid profiles of 52 patients aged 6-18 years [27 males 25 females] with established type 1 diabetes were compared with those of 52 healthy controls of the same age and gender from the first of December 2007 to the 29[th] of February 2008. The lipid profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus showed the following values, the mean total serum cholesterol 175 +/- 55 mg/dl, total serum TGs 140 +/- 135 mg/dl, HDL-C 59 +/- 19 mg/dl, LDL-C 93 +/- 51 mg/dl and that of VLDL-C 23 +/- 13 mg/dl, whereas for the controls they were 136 +/- 34 mg/dl, 74 +/- 25 mg/dl, 53 +/- 15 mg/dl, 68 +/- 30 mg/dl and 15 +/- 5 mg/dl respectively. The abnormalities in lipid profile regarding total serum cholesterol, total serum TGs, LDL-C and VLDL-C showed that they were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control group, while HDL-C although it was higher among diabetic patients, but it was not statistically significant. Total serum TGs was significantly increased with the duration of diabetes

Stool Ph and reducing substance in acute and chronic diarrhea, a study performed at pediatrics teaching hospital in Erbil

Diarrhea is best defined as excessive loss of fluid and electrolyte in the stool, Diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidly and mortality worldwide. Lactose intolerance is a clinical syndrome of one or more of the following, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence,and/or bloating after the ingestion of lactose or lactose-containing food substances. Was to estimate pH and reducing substance in stool of children. A prospective study done at pediatrics teaching hospital in Erbil from first March 2006- 31-August 2006 to review the stool PH and reducing substances in diarrhea. The majority of positive cases [CHO intolerance] were below 1 year in both types of diarrhea. Those patients with chronic diarrhea more susceptible to develop CHO intolerance. Both sexes approximately affected but in chronic diarrhea appear more in male. Vomiting was one of the common associated symptoms and the stool usually was watery in character. The disease more common in those children on bottle feeding. The excoriation of buttock nearly always present due to acidification of the stool. CHO intolerance [particularly lactose] occurs in acute and chronic diarrhea, but more in chronic one. Excoriation of buttock nearly always present. The disease was more common in those on bottle and mixed feeding